It was believed that the entire universe consisted of the Milky Way galaxy. But, in 1923 Dr. Edwin Hubble, using the newly constructed 100” telescope at the Mount Wilson Observatory discovered that there are many more galaxies that exist far beyond our own.

As Hubble searched deeper and deeper into the universe, he found that the galaxies (except for a few nearby galaxies), have their spectral lines shifted toward the red end of the spectrum and the farther away a galaxy is the more its spectral lines are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum. The Doppler Effect was immediately seized upon as evidence that the universe is expanding. And, to top it off, the farther away a galaxy is, the faster away from us it is moving.

Astronomer Fred Hoyle, coined the phrase the Big Bang. The Big Bang implies that everything came from a single primordial atom that exploded and sent material flying in every direction. No explanation as to how that could happen has ever been offered.

Edwin Hubble, along with his colleagues from Caltech, (Fritz Zwicky and Richard Tolman to name just a couple) pointed out that, no matter in what direction one looks in space they will see galaxies moving away which implies that the earth is at the center of the universe. Hubble, and his colleagues felt that such a favored position was unwelcome.

Today, the most distant galaxies are moving away from us at faster than the speed of light. All because of redshift.

There have been several additional requirements that have been made in order to save the Big Bang theory. One of them is what’s called an Inflationary Period that was suggested to save the theory from what’s known as the “horizon problem.” The Inflationary Period required that much of the matter created during the Big Bang had to “inflate” at an impossibly fast rate, with the matter traveling 13 billion light years in one decillionth of a second. This is what the astrophysicists came up with in order to save the theory.

Think back to what Nikola Tesla said:

“Today’s scientists have substituted mathematics for experiments, and they wander off through equation after equation, and eventually build a structure which has no relation to reality.”

Many concessions have been made to save the Big Bang. Edwin Hubble and his colleagues, came to the conclusion that the universe is static (stationary) and, on page 201 of his book THE REALM OF THE NEBULAE he wrote: On the other hand, if the interpretation as velocity shifts (expansion) is abandoned, we find in the redshifts a hitherto unrecognized principle whose implications are unknown.

Many years ago, I stumbled onto Edwin Hubble’s unrecognized principle. It is none other than a law previously discovered by Isaac Newton: The Conservation of Angular Momentum.

A perfect example of this law is to watch a figure skater do a spin. While spinning, they begin to draw in their outstretched leg and raise their arms above their head. As they do this they begin to spin faster and faster until they become a blur. This law, or principle, operates at all levels, from the atomic level all the way to the galactic level and beyond.

Newton’s law is the “unrecognized principle” that Hubble and his colleagues were searching for. Although they never did find it they knew what characteristics it must have. The most important characteristic to understand was why light that arrives from distant galaxies appears to be slowing down. Or what Hubble and his colleagues referred to as “tired light”. The key word here is “appears”.

Below is a clipping from the February 1948 TIME Magazine. This is one of the last articles written about Hubble when he was still alive. In fact, he was on the cover of the magazine.